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The process of validating user identity for system access is referred to as authentication. This involves confirming that the individual attempting to access a system is who they claim to be. Authentication typically requires users to provide credentials such as a username and password, biometrics, or security tokens. It is a critical aspect of cybersecurity as it helps to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information and systems.

Authorization, on the other hand, occurs after authentication and determines what resources a validated user is allowed to access. Encryption refers to the process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access, protecting data in transit or at rest. Account management encompasses the administration of user accounts within a system, including the creation, deletion, and maintenance of user profiles. Each of these processes plays a role in overall security, but authentication specifically addresses the verification of user identity.